- 大悲代受苦
- Vicarious suffering (in purgatory) for all beings, the work of bodhisattvas. The same idea in regard to Guanyin is conveyed in大悲千手獄.
Chinese Buddhist terms dictionary (Chinese-English). William Edward Soothil and Lewis Hodous. 2006.
Chinese Buddhist terms dictionary (Chinese-English). William Edward Soothil and Lewis Hodous. 2006.